現(xiàn)狀
Conditions

項目位于嘉興南北湖邊的小山丘前，距離湖邊約有百米。兩座民國時期的江南天井式小院落在平面上錯開，張開了一個6度的夾角，大院子的局部屋頂和墻體已經(jīng)垮塌。一條雨后才有的小溪從兩個院子中間流過，沖蝕了部分地面。項目預期改造為具有茶飲、咖啡功能的景區(qū)驛站。目前，項目尚未確定運營方。

The project locates in front of a hill, with a distance of a hundred meters from lake shore. Two houses dating from the 1930s with small courtyards (aka “sky well”) were to be connected and transformed into a teahouse and also a rest space for tourists. The operator of the property has not been decided until now.

▼視頻，Video

傳統(tǒng)老建筑的改造比比皆是，在這個項目中，我們希望以傳統(tǒng)與當代并置的方式，營造一種前所未有的全新體驗。同時，盡最大可能尊重和保留現(xiàn)有的建筑和結構，以輕盈的姿態(tài)、沖擊最小的方式介入。

The timber-frame structures still remain intact except for the roof of one small volume. To preserve local memories, we decided to keep the old houses and touch them as gently as possible. At the same time, we wanted to create an unprecedented experience with juxtaposition of tradition and contemporariness.

▼場地原狀，Original state of the site

▼項目鳥瞰，Overall of the project

廊橋
Bridge-Corridor

南北湖景區(qū)以宋代山水美學的范本而聞名。在中國傳統(tǒng)山水畫中，“廊”與“橋”往往成為點睛元素。廊與橋不止供人通過，也會引人駐留、休憩。廊、橋與山水互為風景。此外，山水長卷的超長長度，也使得欣賞長卷的方式不是一覽無余，而是隨著卷軸的鋪展慢慢品讀。觀者在時間推進的同時，也在空間中推移。我們希望把這種時空推移的體驗也帶入到本項目中。

The scenic area was famous as a great example of traditional Chinese literati aesthetics. In traditional Chinese landscape paintings, corridors and bridges often became the focal points. They were not only passage ways but also resting places. The landscape hand-scroll paintings are especially famous for their extreme horizontal length, which are not meant to be seen at one glance, but should be read progressively as the viewers unfold the scroll.

▼廊橋從大院落的門房長出，A covered bridge grew from the gatehouse of the great courtyard

我們以一個簡約的廊橋聯(lián)系兩個院落：從大院落中屋頂部分坍塌的小體量出發(fā)，與小院落的山墻擦肩而過，客人通過山墻上的門洞可以直達小院落的室內(nèi)。廊橋對老建筑的全部影響，也僅僅限于這一個門洞。在廊橋中行走，一面望水，一面觀山，隨著弧線的角度變幻而步移景異，山水長卷般的風景徐徐展開。廊橋同時也成為了茶歇空間。

The act generates a sense of ritual. What about reading the actual landscape in such a poetic and introspective way? We connected the two old houses with a curved, elevated bridge-corridor. Starting from a small volume without roof and stopping next to the old wall, the bridge-corridor barely touches the existing houses. Walking along the corridor, guests will experience the shifting views of the landscape, as if they are reading and unfolding a long scroll painting.

▼分析圖，Analysis diagram

▼老院子門房坍塌的屋面成為廊橋的起點，The collapsed roof of the old courtyard gatehouse became the starting point of the covered bridge

▼新廊橋與老建筑，New covered Bridges and old buildings

廊橋面湖的一側為落地玻璃，觀景視野暢通而開闊。面向山丘的一側為三種細柱排成的不規(guī)則陣列，鏡面、磨砂、透明三種表面形成極為豐富的反射和折射，讓濾過的陽光形成迷人的光影效果。其中鏡面不銹鋼柱為規(guī)則排列的承重柱，另外兩種細柱的引入則在視覺上完全打亂了承重柱的規(guī)則性。細柱間的空隙防止跌落，同時以極佳的自然通風，避免廊內(nèi)產(chǎn)生高溫。廊內(nèi)的夏季微風習習，冬季則有充沛的陽光。

The lake side of the corridor is fully glazed while the hill side is protected by an irregular array of steel posts and PC tubes (clear and frosted), providing natural ventilation and filtering sunlight into a fascinating effect. The irregularity of the PC tubes completely breaks the rhythm of load-bearing steel posts.

▼廊橋與水面，Covered bridge and water feature

▼半鳥瞰，Half-bird ‘s-eye view 

弧形的廊橋并未刻意放大結構跨度來體現(xiàn)輕盈，而是選擇在建筑上異化支點的設計策略。大院子的門房體量內(nèi)的樓梯、中間的當?shù)厣绞?、小院子山墻的側接?“7”字形的混凝土支墩，以非序列性的組合弱化了支點的存在感與力感，形成一種閑散的、漫不經(jīng)心的效果。

The structure design strategy did not focus on expressing the long expansion, but producing a variety of supporting forms, from staircases and side-support of a gable wall, to local stone and “7”-shaped concrete structure. The informal, non-sequential design leads to a much more casual and relaxed atmosphere.

▼廊橋與小院落擦肩而過，The covered bridge passes the small courtyard

▼ 廊橋及其支撐方式，Covered bridge and its supporting mode

結構
Structure

在湖光山色中，結構輕柔自然地介入，克制冷靜地完成建筑空間語言的搭建。 廊橋朝湖一側的景觀視角是本項目的重要亮點，建筑師希望盡量打開所有視覺空間，使南北湖的光影充沛的流動在游客眼前。這種需求，讓結構工程師自然提出單側懸挑的結構概念。如何協(xié)調整體變形，如何合理構建結構體系的剛度，成為重要的結構問題。

To maximize the view of the lake, the section of the bridge-corridor was designed as a single-sided cantilever. Controlling the overall deformation to achieve structural rigidity had become the major structural issue.

▼后院，The backyard

兩個院落在各自平面朝向上帶有一定夾角。廊橋從一個院落出發(fā)，經(jīng)轉彎，與另一個院落側接；復行幾米，懸停于空中。正是這個簡單的轉彎，使得多品單側懸挑鋼框架在空間上有機會共同產(chǎn)生剛度?；镜慕Y構體系在此刻出現(xiàn)了。

The simple turn of the curve gives the multi-panel single-sided cantilevered steel frame the opportunity to jointly generate stiffness in space.

▼當?shù)厥瘔K成為支撐方式之一，Local stones became one of the means of support

為最大效率產(chǎn)生空間剛度、利用弧形給空間剛度帶來的天然優(yōu)勢，懸挑根部的豎柱在每品之間采用錯位布置。這種布置方式與建筑最初“細密柱”的概念不謀而合，在整個結構系統(tǒng)中還起到了少許的空腹桁架效應，同時在建筑層面回應了空間對自然通風的要求，一舉多得。

To take advantage of the curve, the columns were arranged in staggered positions. This arrangement results in a structural system similar to vierendeel trusses. At the same time, it also contributes to enhance natural ventilation.

▼從大院子望向小院子，Looking from the big yard to the small yard

廊橋橫橋方向的變形和穩(wěn)定，也是需要回答的問題。在廊道的盡端，結合建筑造型的需要，結構設計了“7”字型的混凝土支撐。其中7字型的水平段與廊道沿橋方向盡量保持垂直，以期控制橫橋方向可能出現(xiàn)的偏載帶來的不穩(wěn)定傾覆。在廊橋外弧的跨中附近，結構設計師利用建筑師放置的大石塊作為廊道支點，有效控制了橫橋方向的變形，也縮小了廊道跨度。

At the end of the corridor is a “7”-shaped concrete support, whose horizontal part is perpendicular to the bridge direction, in order to control the overturning caused by possible unbalanced loads in the transverse direction.

▼廊橋盡端，End of the covered bridge

自然的石塊、廊道起點的豎向支座、院落的側接點、懸挑盡端的異形支撐，共同托起了輕盈的弧形錯位柱單側懸挑鋼框架結構，建筑師所期望的 “廊”與“橋”的概念逐步顯現(xiàn)。

Near the mid-span of the outer arc of the corridor bridge, the structural designer used the large stones placed by the architect as the fulcrum of the corridor, which effectively controlled the deformation in the transverse direction and also reduced the span of the corridor.

▼廊橋內(nèi)部的光影，Light and shadow inside the covered bridge

穿行時空的體驗
Unprecedented Experience

我們將兩院子之間被流水沖蝕的地塊辟為一個淺水池。水邊小徑和平臺、石板橋、老建筑、新廊橋、竹林汀步以及場地原有的樹木，在有限的場地里形成了極為豐富的空間關系，復活了中國古典園林的意趣。

The ground between the two houses had been eroded by a seasonal creek. Conveniently, we transformed it into a shallow pond. The path and platform by the water, the stone-slab bridge, the old houses and new corridor, the bamboos, and the existing trees, form enchanting special relationships on a very limited site, evoking the charm of traditional Chinese gardens.

▼正立面夜景，Night view of the front facade

▼從竹林中的小道走進后院，
Walk through the bamboo path into the backyard

▼夜晚的廊橋，Covered bridge at night

兩座老院內(nèi)完全保留古樸的氛圍，鋼和玻璃的新廊橋在串聯(lián)起空間和風景的同時，也串聯(lián)起兩個時代。無論是在內(nèi)部還是外部，空間推移中產(chǎn)生的強烈的時代特征的變幻與碰撞，讓游客在一個小小的驛站中，也能獲得穿行時空的體驗。

We preserved the pre-modern atmosphere of the old houses. The steel and glass corridor bridges both spaces and ages, creating a time-travel experience for visitors.

▼從項目看南北湖，
View the North and South Lakes from the project

▼總平面圖，master plan

▼一層平面圖，ground floor plan

▼二層平面圖，upper floor plan

項目名稱：南北湖湖濱茶室
項目類型：建筑/改造/旅游/商業(yè)
設計方：十域建筑 Domain Architects
公司網(wǎng)站：http://domain-architects.com/
聯(lián)系郵箱：xuxiaomeng@domain-architects.com
項目設計：徐小萌
完成年份：2023
設計團隊：徐小萌，Hannah Wang
項目地址：浙江省嘉興市海鹽縣南北湖景區(qū)
建筑面積：245㎡
攝影版權：張超
合作方：
結構：和作結構建筑研究所
施工圖：浙江恒欣設計集團股份有限公司
施工：浙江立信建設集團有限公司
客戶：海鹽縣南北湖景區(qū)投資管理有限公司
材料：鋼，玻璃

Project name: Lakeside Teahouse
Project type: Refurbishment, Renovation, Extension, Hospitality
Design: Domain Architects
Website: http://domain-architects.com/
Contact e-mail: xuxiaomeng@domain-architects.com
Design year: 2022
Completion Year: 2023
Leader designer & Team: Xu Xiaomeng, Hannah Wang
Project location: Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
Gross built area: 245㎡
Photo credit: Zhang Chao
Partner:
Structural Design: AND Office
Construction Document: Zhejiang Hengxin Design Group Co., Ltd.
Contractor: Zhejiang Lixin Construction Group Co., Ltd.
Clients: Haiyan Nanbeihu Scenic Zone Investment Development Co., Ltd.
Materials: Steel, Glass